Non-Lexical Conversational Sounds in American English running head: Non-Lexical Conversational Sounds
نویسنده
چکیده
Sounds like h-nmm, hh-aaaah, hn-hn, unkay, nyeah, ummum, uuh and um-hmuh-hm, occur in American English conversation but have thus far escaped systematic study. This article reports a study of both the forms and functions of these items, together with related tokens such as um and uh-huh, in a corpus of American English conversations. These sounds appear not to be lexical, in that they are productively generated rather than finite in number, and in that the sound-meaning mapping is compositional rather than arbitrary. This implies that English bears within it a small specialized sub-language which follows different rules from the language as a whole. This functions supported by this sub-language complement those of main-channel English; they include lowoverhead turn-taking control, negotiation of agreement, signaling of recognition and comprehension, management of interpersonal relations such as control and affiliation, and the expression of emotion, attitude, and affect.
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The challenge of non-lexical speech sounds
Non-lexical speech sounds (conversational grunts), such as uh-huh, un-hn, mm, and oh, are common in English. In human dialogs these sounds are important in conversation control and for conveying attitudes. Spoken dialog systems may make use of these sounds to achieve concise, smooth, relaxed interactions. Doing so is, however, a challenge, because most algorithms used in spoken language process...
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Sounds like h-nmm, hh-aaaah, hn-hn, unkay, nyeah, ummum, uuh and um-hm-uhhm, occur in American English conversation but have thus far escaped systematic study. This article reports a study of both the forms and functions of these items, together with related tokens such as um and uh-huh, in a corpus of American English conversations. These sounds appear not to be lexical, in that they are produ...
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